Abstract

CARMO, Ediclei Lima do et al. Environmental influence and Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Amazon: contribution of the Evandro Chagas Institute (Pará, Brazil). Rev Pan-Amaz Saude [online]. 2025, vol.16, e202501814.  Epub Nov 11, 2025. ISSN 2176-6215.  http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/s2176-6223202501814.

Toxoplasmosis, an infection caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is generally asymptomatic or presents with nonspecific symptoms; however, its congenital, ocular, and neurological forms can evolve severely in specific groups. In the Amazon region, the infection is endemic, with high seroprevalence among human and domestic animal populations in both urban and rural areas. Outbreaks of acute toxoplasmosis have been reported in different localities in recent years, reflecting geographic, cultural, and environmental conditions that favor frequent contact with infective stages of the parasite and the persistence of endemicity. This article presents a narrative review based on data collected by the Toxoplasmosis Laboratory of the Evandro Chagas Institute over nearly three decades of research in the Amazon, with a particular emphasis on Pará State. The analysis of these findings highlights the influence of environmental and climatic changes, including deforestation, land-use modification, and variations in temperature and humidity, on the ecoepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in the region. The intense anthropogenic activity observed in recent decades has the potential to increase parasite transmission and promote the emergence of more virulent T. gondii strains. In this context, integrating actions under the "One Health" approach is crucial for understanding the interface between human, animal, and environmental health. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance and adopting sustainable prevention and control strategies are essential to mitigate the impacts of toxoplasmosis in the Amazon.

Keywords : Toxoplasma gondii Infection; Epidemiology; Environmental Impact; Amazon; Health Surveillance.

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