<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2176-6223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pan-Amaz Saude]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2176-6223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Evandro Chagas. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Ministério da Saúde]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2176-62232025000110122</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5123/s2176-6223202501822</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Fauna anofélica em Belém (1930-2022): uma análise histórica da adaptação de vetores em face da urbanização na Amazônia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Anopheline fauna in Belém (1930-2022): a historical analysis of vector adaptation in the context of urbanization in the Amazon]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yan Carvalho da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Viana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Everton Lucas de Castro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva Júnior]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hélio Augusto Corrêa da]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sávio Cardoso de Souza]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tahira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ana Cecília Feio dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sucupira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Izis Mônica Carvalho]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Póvoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marinete Marins]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia de Agentes Infecciosos e Parasitários ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Evandro Chagas Seção de Parasitologia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ananindeua Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará Laboratório de Planejamento de Redes de Alto Desempenho ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Butantan  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[São Paulo São Paulo]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>00</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2176-62232025000110122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2176-62232025000110122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2176-62232025000110122&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO  OBJETIVO:  Analisar a fauna anofélica em Belém (1930-2022), relacionando o clima e a urbanização aos riscos de transmissão da malária.  MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS:  Foram utilizados dados retrospectivos sobre a fauna anofélica coletados entre as décadas de 1930 e 2022 e registros da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde. As informações foram organizadas em planilhas do Microsoft Excel, constituindo um banco de dados. Para análise, empregou-se o método de agrupamento hierárquico (cluster) baseado na distância euclidiana, pelo método de Ward, utilizando o software R. Os dados climáticos (temperatura, pluviosidade e umidade relativa do ar) foram obtidos junto ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia.  RESULTADOS:  Durante o período estudado, a temperatura média manteve-se em torno de 30 °C, a umidade relativa do ar permaneceu acima de 80% e a pluviosidade apresentou tendência crescente. Foram identificadas 23 espécies de mosquitos do gênero Anopheles: entre as décadas de 1940 e 1950 registraram-se 18 espécies, número que reduziu para 14 entre 2000 e 2010. Anopheles aquasalis foi a espécie mais frequente, demonstrando alta adaptabilidade, enquanto Anopheles darlingi desapareceu em períodos recentes.  CONCLUSÃO:  As alterações ambientais decorrentes da urbanização, como fragmentação florestal e surgimento de ecótopos urbanos, criaram condições para a manutenção e adaptação de vetores como An. aquasalis, a espécie mais prevalente ao longo da série histórica analisada. Embora medidas de controle tenham contribuído para a redução da transmissibilidade, a receptividade da área reforça a necessidade de estratégias contínuas de vigilância.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  OBJECTIVE:  To analyze the anopheline fauna in Belém (1930-2022), relating climate and urbanization to malaria transmission risks.  MATERIALS AND METHODS:  Retrospective data on anopheline fauna collected between the 1930s and 2022 and records from the Municipal Health Department were used. The information was organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets, forming a database. For analysis, a hierarchical cluster method based on Euclidean distance and Ward's method was applied using R software. Climatic data (temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity) were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology.  RESULTS:  During the study period, the mean temperature remained around 30 °C, relative humidity above 80%, and rainfall showed an increasing trend. A total of 23 Anopheles species were identified: 18 species were recorded in the 1940s-1950s, decreasing to 14 between 2000 and 2010. Anopheles aquasalis was the most frequent species, demonstrating high adaptability, while Anopheles darlingi disappeared in more recent periods.  CONCLUSION:  Environmental changes resulting from urbanization, such as forest fragmentation and the development of urban ecotopes, created conditions for the persistence and adaptation of vector species such as An. aquasalis, which was the most prevalent throughout the historical series analyzed. Although control measures have contributed to reduced transmissibility over time, the area's receptivity underscores the need for continuous surveillance strategies.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Malária]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Anopheles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Ecossistema Amazônico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Mudança Climática]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Urbanização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Malaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anopheles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amazonian Ecosystem]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Climate Change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Urbanization]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
