<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2176-6223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pan-Amaz Saude]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2176-6223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Evandro Chagas. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Ministério da Saúde]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2176-62232016000500015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5123/s2176-62232016000500003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Revendo a trajetória da leishmaniose visceral americana na Amazônia, Brasil: de Evandro Chagas aos dias atuais]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Reviewing the trajectory of American visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian Amazon: from Evandro Chagas to the current days]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reviendo la trayectoria de la leishmaniasis visceral americana en la Amazonía, Brasil: de Evandro Chagas a los días actuales]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fernando Tobias]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luciana Vieira do Rego]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thiago Vasconcelos dos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Patrícia Karla Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marliane Batista]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Evandro Chagas/SVS/MS Seção de Parasitologia Laboratório de Leishmanioses "Prof. Dr. Ralph Lainson"]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ananindeua Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brasil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal do Pará Núcleo de Medicina Tropical ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Belém Pará]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>esp</numero>
<fpage>15</fpage>
<lpage>22</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500015&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO O presente estudo reviu a trajetória da leishmaniose visceral americana (LVA) na Amazônia, Brasil, desde os tempos do dr. Evandro Chagas, fundador do Instituto de Pathologia Experimental do Norte, em 1936, o qual, após a morte trágica do seu patrono, em 1940, passou a chamar-se Instituto Evandro Chagas até os dias atuais, objetivando melhor visibilidade a cerca do legado médico-científico deixado pelo ilustre personagem, além de descrever os caminhos que fizeram essa endemia sair do anonimato epidemiológico cinco décadas atrás, para surgir como um dos maiores agravos parasitários no início do século atual. Nesse contexto, Chagas e seus colaboradores deixaram três contribuições marcantes: i) descreveram a espécie parasitária responsável pela LVA, a Leishmania chagasi (= Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum chagasi); ii) incriminaram a espécie flebotomínica Phlebotomus longipalpis como o provável vetor da LVA; e iii) postularam que a origem da doença humana deveria estar em algum animal silvestre. A situação da LVA na Amazônia brasileira não mudou muito nas décadas seguintes, porém, a partir dos anos 1980, assumiu um perfil novo, reaparecendo com maior frequência nos focos rurais e em zonas suburbanas e urbanas de cidades de médio porte, como Santarém, no Estado do Pará. Nas duas últimas décadas, o processo de expansão intensificou-se face aos fatores ambiental (desflorestamento), socioeconômico e a ocupação desordenada na periferia das cidades, onde a presença do vetor (Lutzomyia longipalpis) no peridomicílio humano, e do cão doméstico altamente suscetível à infecção, facilitaram sua disseminação. Hoje, a LVA já alcança a Região Metropolitana de Belém (ilha de Cotijuba), capital do Pará.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study reviewed the trajectory of American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) in Brazilian Amazon, since that time of Dr. Evandro Chagas, who founded the Instituto de Pathologia Experimental do Norte, in 1936, which following the tragic death of its patron, in 1940, was renamed Instituto Evandro Chagas till the actual days, aiming the best visibility on the medical-scientific legacy left by that distinguished person, as well as trying to describe the ways that made AVL leaves the epidemiologic anonymity five decades ago for arising as one of greatest parasitic disease at the beginning of this century. In this context, Chagas et al have left three marked contributions: i) described a new parasitic species responsible for AVL, Leishmania chagasi; ii) incriminated the phlebotomine species Phlebotomus longipalpis as the likely vector of AVL; and iii) postulated that the human disease origin should be in any forest animal. The AVL situation in Brazilian Amazon has not changed in the following decades, however, in the early 1980s the disease resurfaced with a greater frequency in rural foci and in the suburban and urban areas of medium-size cities as Santarém, Pará State. In the last two decades, the expansive process increased due to the deforestation, socio-economic factor and unorganized occupation in the outskirts of cities, where the presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis in the peridomiciliar human area and the domestic dog highly susceptible to infection have facilitated its dissemination. Actually, AVL has already arrived in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (Cotijuba island), capital of Pará.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente estudio examinó la trayectoria de la leishmaniasis visceral americana (LVA) en la Amazonía, Brasil, desde los tiempos del Dr. Evandro Chagas, fundador del Instituto de Pathologia Experimental do Norte, en 1936, el cual, después de la muerte trágica de su patrono, en 1940, pasó a llamarse Instituto Evandro Chagas hasta los días actuales, con el objetivo de ofrecer una mejor visibilidad sobre el legado médico-científico dejado por el ilustre personaje, además de describir los caminos que hicieron con que esta endemia saliera del anonimato epidemiológico cinco décadas atrás, para surgir como uno de los mayores agravamientos parasitarios de inicios del siglo actual. En ese contexto, Chagas y sus colaboradores dejaron tres contribuciones relevantes: i) describieron la especie parasitaria responsable por la LVA, la Leishmania chagasi (= Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi); ii) incriminaron a la especie flebotomínica Phlebotomus longipalpis como el probable vector de la LVA; y iii) postularon que el origen de la enfermedad humana debería estar en algún animal silvestre. La situación de la LVA en la Amazonía brasileña no ha cambiado mucho en las décadas siguientes, sin embargo, a partir de los años 1980, asumió un nueve perfil, reapareciendo con más frecuencia en los focos rurales y en zonas suburbanas y urbanas de ciudades de medio porte, como Santarém, en el Estado de Pará. En las dos últimas décadas, el proceso de expansión se intensificó delante de los factores ambiental (desforestación), socioeconómico y la ocupación desordenada en la periferia de las ciudades, en donde la presencia del vector (Lutzomyia longipalpis) en el peridomicilio humano, y del perro doméstico altamente susceptible a la infección, facilitaron su diseminación. Hoy, la LVA ya alcanza la Región Metropolitana de Belém (isla de Cotijuba), capital de Pará.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Leishmaniose Visceral Americana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Amazônia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trajectory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[American Visceral Leishmaniasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Amazonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Brazil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leishmaniasis Visceral Americana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Leishmania (L.) infantum chagasi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Amazonía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Brasil]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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