<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>2176-6223</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Pan-Amaz Saude]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>2176-6223</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Evandro Chagas. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Ministério da Saúde]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S2176-62232016000500043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5123/s2176-62232016000500005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The crucial role of the Instituto Evandro Chagas in Chagas disease research]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[O papel relevante do Instituto Evandro Chagas na pesquisa em doença de Chagas]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El papel relevante del Instituto Evandro Chagas en la investigación de la enfermedad de Chagas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Michael A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[London ]]></addr-line>
<country>United Kingdom</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>esp</numero>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>54</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://scielo.iec.gov.br/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S2176-62232016000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This review is written as a tribute to the fundamental role that the Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) has played in research on Trypanosoma cruzi and Chagas disease and in thanks for the generous support while the author was based at the IEC. A brief history of Chagas disease is given and of early work at the IEC. There follows an account of the discovery, in Bahia State, Brazil, of the remarkable genetic diversity of T. cruzi. The core of the review summarises: research achievements at the Institute on the transmission cycles and molecular epidemiology of T. cruzi, including triatomine vectors and mammalian hosts in the Brazilian Amazon basin; the proof that T. cruzi has an extant capacity for genetic exchange, and wide ranging international collaborations that were encouraged by the platform of research excellence established at the IEC. Detailed description of subsequent research on the molecular epidemiology of T. cruzi, and parallel research on Leishmania, is beyond the scope of this review but can be found in the referenced scientific literature. Despite the overall success of the Southern Cone initiative to control Triatoma infestans, challenges remain, such as persistent transmission in the Gran Chaco region. There has been astonishing research progress in molecular genetics and comparative genomics. In the author's opinion, there is scope for the IEC to play a renewed role in Chagas disease research, subject to funded international exchange programmes and unimpeded exchange of reagents, such that the latest research methods may be applied to obtain a deeper understanding of the survival and behaviour of T. cruzi in its natural hosts and triatomine vector species.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO O artigo é uma homenagem ao papel fundamental que o Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) tem desempenhado na pesquisa sobre Trypanosoma cruzi e doença de Chagas, e em agradecimento pelo generoso apoio enquanto o autor esteve no IEC. Fala-se brevemente sobre a doença de Chagas e do trabalho realizado no IEC. Segue-se um relato da descoberta, no Estado da Bahia, Brasil, da notável diversidade genética de T. cruzi. O artigo aborda: as realizações de pesquisa no Instituto sobre ciclos de transmissão e epidemiologia molecular de T. cruzi, incluindo vetores de triatomíneos e hospedeiros de mamíferos na bacia amazônica brasileira; a prova de que o T. cruzi possui uma capacidade de intercâmbio genético; e uma vasta gama de colaborações internacionais incentivada pela plataforma de excelência da pesquisa estabelecida no IEC. A descrição detalhada da pesquisa subsequente sobre a epidemiologia molecular de T. cruzi e a pesquisa paralela sobre Leishmania vai além do escopo deste artigo, mas pode ser encontrada na literatura científica citada. Apesar do sucesso global da iniciativa do Cone Sul para controlar o Triatoma infestans, os desafios permanecem, como a persistente transmissão na região do Gran Chaco. Nota-se um surpreendente progresso na pesquisa sobre genética molecular e genômica comparativa. Na opinião do autor, o IEC tem um papel renovado na pesquisa sobre a doença de Chagas, sujeita a programas internacionais de intercâmbio financiados e a livre troca de reagentes, de modo que os métodos de pesquisa mais recentes possam ser aplicados para obter uma compreensão mais profunda da sobrevivência e comportamento de T. cruzi em seus hospedeiros naturais e espécies de vetores triatomíneos.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El artículo es un homenaje al papel fundamental que el Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) ha desempeñado en la investigación sobre Trypanosoma cruzi y la enfermedad de Chagas, y en agradecimiento por el generoso apoyo mientras el autor estuvo en el IEC. Se ofrece un breve histórico de la enfermedad de Chagas y del trabajo realizado en el IEC. Sigue un relato del descubrimiento, en el Estado de Bahia, de la notable diversidad genética de T. cruzi. El artículo aborda los estudios en el Instituto sobre ciclos de transmisión y epidemiología molecular de T. cruzi, incluyendo vectores de triatominos y huéspedes de mamíferos en la cuenca amazónica brasileña; la prueba de que el T. cruzi tiene una gran capacidad de intercambio genético y una vasta gama de colaboraciones internacionales incentivadas por la plataforma de excelencia en investigación establecida en el IEC. La descripción detallada de las investigaciones que siguieron sobre la epidemiología molecular de T. cruzi y la investigación paralela sobre Leishmania está más allá del objeto de este artículo, pero puede encontrarse en la literatura científica citada. A pesar del éxito general de la iniciativa del Cono Sur para el control de Triatoma infestans, los desafíos permanecen, como la transmisión persistente en la región del Gran Chaco. Ha habido un progreso asombroso de la investigación en genética molecular y genómica comparativa. En la opinión del autor, es posible que el IEC desempeñe un papel renovado en la investigación sobre la enfermedad de Chagas, sujeto a programas de intercambio internacional financiados y al libre intercambio de reactivos, de modo que se puedan aplicar los métodos de investigación más recientes para comprender mejor la supervivencia y el comportamiento de T. cruzi en sus huéspedes naturales y especies de vectores triatominos.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chagas Disease]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Trypanosoma cruzi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Triatominae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic Variation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Molecular Biology.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Doença de Chagas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Trypanosoma cruzi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Triatominae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Variação Genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Biologia Molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enfermedad de Chagas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Trypanosoma cruzi]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Triatominae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Variación Genética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biología Molecular]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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